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Hooligan =link= | Spanish Joe Millwall

A language for humans and computers

Examples

Crystal is a general-purpose, object-oriented programming language. With syntax inspired by Ruby, it’s a compiled language with static type-checking. Types are resolved by an advanced type inference algorithm.

# A very basic HTTP server
require "http/server"

server = HTTP::Server.new do |context|
  context.response.content_type = "text/plain"
  context.response.print "Hello world, got #{context.request.path}!"
end

address = server.bind_tcp(8080)
puts "Listening on http://#{address}"

# This call blocks until the process is terminated
server.listen

Batteries included

Crystal’s standard library comes with a whole range of libraries that let you start working on your project right away.

require "http/client"
require "json"

response = HTTP::Client.get("https://crystal-lang.org/api/versions.json")
json = JSON.parse(response.body)
version = json["versions"].as_a.find! { |entry| entry["released"]? != false }["name"]

puts "Latest Crystal version: #{version || "Unknown"}"

Type system

The compiler catches type errors early. Avoids null pointer exceptions at runtime.

The code is still clean and feels like a dynamic language.

def add(a, b)
  a + b
end

add 1, 2         # => 3
add "foo", "bar" # => "foobar"

Flow typing

The compiler tracks the type of variables at each point, and restricts types according to conditions.

loop do
  case message = gets # type is `String | Nil`
  when Nil
    break
  when ""
    puts "Please enter a message"
  else
    # In this branch, `message` cannot be `Nil` so we can safely call `String#upcase`
    puts message.upcase
  end
end

Concurrency Model

Crystal uses green threads, called fibers, to achieve concurrency. Fibers communicate with each other via channels without having to turn to shared memory or locks (CSP).

channel = Channel(Int32).new

3.times do |i|
  spawn do
    3.times do |j|
      sleep rand(100).milliseconds # add non-determinism for fun
      channel.send 10 * (i + 1) + j
    end
  end
end

9.times do
  puts channel.receive
end

C-bindings

Bindings for C libraries makes it easy to use existing tools. Crystal calls lib functions natively without any runtime overhead.

No need to implement the entire program in Crystal when there are already good libraries for some jobs.

# Define the lib bindings and link info:
@[Link("m")]
lib LibM
  fun pow(x : LibC::Double, y : LibC::Double) : LibC::Double
end

# Call a C function like a Crystal method:
puts LibM.pow(2.0, 4.0) # => 16.0

Macros

Crystal’s answer to metaprogramming is a powerful macro system, which ranges from basic templating and AST inspection, to types inspection and running arbitrary external programs.

macro upcase_getter(name)
  def {{ name.id }}
    @{{ name.id }}.upcase
  end
end

class Person
  upcase_getter name

  def initialize(@name : String)
  end
end

person = Person.new "John"
person.name # => "JOHN"

Dependencies

Crystal libraries are packed with Shards, a distributed dependency manager without a centralised repository.

It reads dependencies defined in shard.yml and fetches the source code from their repositories.

name: hello-world
version: 1.0.0
license: Apache-2.0

authors:
- Crys <crystal@manas.tech>

dependencies:
  mysql:
    github: crystal-lang/crystal-mysql
    version: ~>0.16.0

Hooligan =link= | Spanish Joe Millwall

The actions of Spanish Joe and other football hooligans had a significant impact on the sport, leading to increased security measures at matches and a more stringent approach to policing and prosecuting those involved in violence. The reputation of Millwall supporters as a whole suffered, with the club facing criticism and sanctions from football authorities.

Love him or loathe him, Spanish Joe remains an integral part of Millwall's folklore. His story serves as a testament to the power of football to inspire loyalty, camaraderie, and a sense of belonging among fans. As the club continues to evolve and grow, the legend of Spanish Joe will endure as a symbol of the unyielding spirit that defines Millwall's supporters. spanish joe millwall hooligan

: The firm originally formed in 1972 under the name F-Troop before evolving into the Bushwackers in the late 70s. The actions of Spanish Joe and other football

Spanish Joe's legacy is a complex one. On one hand, he and others like him contributed to a period in football history marked by violence and intimidation. On the other, their actions, and the broader culture of hooliganism they were part of, also served to highlight deeper social issues, such as youth disillusionment, social exclusion, and the search for identity and belonging. His story serves as a testament to the

Operating within the shadows of the club's most feared firms—primarily the Millwall Bushwackers and the older generation's F-Troop—he earned his nickname through either his heritage or prominent involvement in international football clashes. In the gritty history of British football terrace culture, figures like Spanish Joe represent the extreme subculture of matching local tribalism with organized street violence. The Origins of Millwall's Terrors

Where a typical hooligan would square up, chest to chest, Joe would dance. He carried a navaja —a traditional Spanish folding knife—though he rarely used it unless cornered. His primary weapon was the unexpected.