: A negative temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistor sits in series with the input line. When cold, its resistance is high, dampening large initial current spikes that could damage capacitors during startup.
: A Negative Temperature Coefficient (NTC) thermistor sits in series with the line to suppress heavy current spikes when the bulk capacitors charge during initial startup. s36012 power supply circuit diagram
After filtering, the AC voltage is fed into a full-bridge rectifier, typically composed of four discrete diodes or an integrated bridge rectifier package. This component converts the AC voltage into a pulsating DC voltage. This pulsating DC is then smoothed by a large, high-voltage "bulk" electrolytic capacitor (typically rated for 400V or higher). The result is a relatively smooth, high-voltage DC "bus" of approximately 155V when on 115V mains, or 310V when on 230V mains. This DC bus now serves as the input power source for the switching stage. : A negative temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistor sits
: Most variants use the TL494 or a compatible PWM controller to manage the switching frequency and maintain a stable output voltage. After filtering, the AC voltage is fed into