^hot^: -page-....-2f-2f....-2f-2f....-2f-2fetc-2fpasswd

The ultimate target in our example is /etc/passwd . On Unix‑like systems, this file stores user account information. Historically it contained hashed passwords; today those hashes are usually in /etc/shadow , but /etc/passwd still reveals usernames, user IDs, home directories, and default shells. An attacker armed with this list can:

The server translates the path to templates/../../../../etc/passwd . The ../ sequences instruct the operating system to move up four levels in the directory tree, escaping the templates/ folder and reaching the root directory ( / ), where it then navigates into etc/ and reads passwd . -page-....-2F-2F....-2F-2F....-2F-2Fetc-2Fpasswd