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The most effective defense against SQL injection is the use of prepared statements. When using prepared statements, the database engine compiles the SQL query structure first, and then treats the user input strictly as data, never as executable code.

If you use the ID to include files (e.g., include($id . ".php") ), an attacker could use "Remote File Inclusion" to run their own code on your server. Always use a whitelist to check if the ID is valid before loading it.