The saga began on a fog-shrouded morning in 1882. The Emperor , a British-flagged steamship carrying industrial machinery, collided with the Umi , a merchant vessel representing emerging trade interests in the Pacific.
Under the IPC, an offense requires an actus reus (guilty act) and mens rea (guilty mind). When multiple parties are present during an illegal act, prosecutors frequently charge bystanders or relatives with or Joint Liability under Section 114 . emperor vs umi 1882 2021